As National Salute to Veteran Patients Week, February 9-15, 2025, coincides with Black History Month, the VU Veterans Resource Center (VRC) and Student Veterans Association (SVA) present Purple Heart recipient Sergeant William H. Carney–-a symbol of valor and tenacity among the numerous African American heroes who sacrificed themselves for the betterment of the United States. Carney was the first Black soldier to receive the Medal of Honor while serving with the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment during the Civil War. In addition to proving his devotion to his comrades, his outstanding performance at the Battle of Fort Wagner earned him the Purple Heart, a military decoration given to combat casualties.
William Harvey Carney was born into slavery in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1840. Despite the harsh realities of his early life, he and his family eventually gained their freedom and moved to Massachusetts, where he was educated. When the Civil War broke out, Carney answered the call to defend the Union and the cause of ending slavery. In 1863, he joined the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, one of the first Black units formed during the war, led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw. The regiment became famous for its bravery, particularly in the assault on Fort Wagner in South Carolina.
On July 18, 1863, the 54th Massachusetts launched a courageous but deadly attack on Fort Wagner, a heavily fortified Confederate stronghold. As the regiment advanced under heavy fire, the color bearer, the soldier carrying the American flag, was shot. Recognizing the importance of the flag as a symbol of unity and determination, Carney seized it before it could touch the ground. Despite being shot multiple times, he pressed forward, ensuring that the flag remained aloft.
Although the attack ultimately failed and the Union forces were forced to retreat, Carney refused to let the flag fall into enemy hands. Severely wounded, he struggled back to Union lines, still holding the flag high. As he finally reached safety, he reportedly declared, “The old flag never touched the ground!” His dedication to preserving the symbol of freedom and his bravery in battle became legendary. (Watch the movie “Glory” to see the portrayal of the 54th Massachusetts in action.)
For his heroism at Fort Wagner, William Carney was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1900, making him the first African American to receive this prestigious military decoration. In addition to this honor, Carney’s multiple wounds during the battle made him a rightful recipient of the Purple Heart, a medal awarded to those injured while serving in combat. His actions not only exemplified personal courage but also demonstrated the valor of Black soldiers who fought for the Union during the Civil War.
Sergeant William Carney’s legacy continues to inspire generations. His story is a powerful reminder of the sacrifices that Black soldiers made in the fight for freedom and equality. Despite facing racial discrimination both during and after the war, Carney remained dedicated to public service, working for the U.S. Postal Service for over 30 years.
As we celebrate Black History Month, it is essential to recognize heroes like Carney, whose bravery helped shape the nation’s history. His actions at Fort Wagner embody the highest ideals of military service: courage, loyalty, and sacrifice. Through his unwavering commitment, he proved that Black soldiers were not only willing to fight for their country but also willing to lay down their lives to ensure the promise of liberty for all.
Sergeant William Carney’s heroism is a story that deserves to be told and remembered. As the first Black Medal of Honor recipient and a deserving Purple Heart honoree, he set an example of perseverance and patriotism. His legacy serves as a beacon of inspiration, reminding us that the fight for freedom and justice often comes at a great cost. This Black History Month, we honor Carney and all the Black service members who have demonstrated extraordinary courage in the face of adversity.
